The Index Server Manager provides seven management tools for Index Server administration.

CiDaemon process

The CiDaemon process is a child process created by the Index Server engine. The Index Server engine gives a list of documents to the CiDaemon process, which is responsible for filtering the documents by identifying the correct filter DLL and word-breaker DLL associated with a particular document.

Filtering is done as a background activity so as not to interfere with any foreground activity. On local drives, if another process for writing needs a document opened by the CiDaemon process for reading, the CiDaemon process closes the document as soon as possible. The document retried for filtering at a later time. (This feature is not available on network shared folders.)

If the CiDaemon process stops, the Index Server engine will automatically restart it.

Checking Status

With the Index Server snap-in, you can check indexing status and view the properties of directories that are indexed as well as the cached properties. To do this, you highlight the Index Server folder in the Microsoft Management Console (MMC.) In the right pane, the number of files indexed, catalog size, documents to filter, and so on is displayed.

Setting Global Properties

At the Index Server level, you can adjust property settings for all catalogs. For example, you can choose to turn off characterization for all catalogs. In this case, no summaries or abstracts would be generated for files listed on the results page of a search. You can also change a value for a specific catalog. The values you set on the catalog level override those set on the Index Server level.
Creating and Configuring Catalogs

During installation, Index Server creates the Web catalog. You can create additional catalogs to spread queries across them. Also you can separate the content in those catalogs.

Adjusting the Property Cache

To reduce the time it takes to retrieve values frequently queried for, you can add properties to the cache on your server. If not cached, Index Server will directly access Microsoft ActiveX documents (for example Microsoft Office documents) returned from a query and retrieves the properties at that time. Additional properties that are not indexed by default can be added to the cache properties and later used in queries. For example, adding the tag META=”ServerProduct” VALUE=”product name” to your HTML documents allows you to create queries that will look for server products that match a specific name.
If your index becomes corrupted and is rebuilt, you will need to reconfigure your property cache.

Adding and Removing Directories

You can use the Index Server snap-in to add or remove directories to be indexed by Index Server. Taking this action will neither add nor delete physical directories. Instead, it will instruct Index Server to include or exclude them from the directory it indexes.

Forcing a Scan

To re-inventory a virtual root (virtual directory), you need to force Index Server to scan it. You should rescan after making particular global changes, including:

• Changing the size of characterization.
• Adding or removing a filter.
• Changing the filtering of unrecognized extensions.
• Adding a new word breaker.

To force a scan

1. In the left pane of the Microsoft Management Console , under the catalog where the virtual directory resides, double-click Directories.
2. In the right frame, right-click the directory you want to scan.
3. From the Action menu, select Rescan.
4. In the Full Rescan dialog box, click Yes for a full rescan, or click No for an incremental rescan.

Forcing a Merge

If response time for queries begins to slow down, you need to free resources by combining indexes. From time to time, you need to combine smaller indexes into larger ones to free space—both in memory and on disk—to resolve queries quickly. To merge smaller indexes, you need to force a merge.

To force a merge

1. In the left frame of the Microsoft Management Console, select the catalog where you want to merge indexes.
2. From the Action menu, select Merge.
3. When the Merge Catalog? dialog box appears, click Yes.

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There are two types of indexes: word lists and persistent indexes.
Words and properties extracted from a document first appear in a word list, then move to a persistent index.
This organization is optimized for query responsiveness and performance also ensures optimal resource usage. Even though there are multiple indexes internally, these details completely hidden from the user.
The user sees only a list of documents that satisfy the query posted.

Content filters do several tasks, including:

• Extracting text chunks.
• Recognizing language shifts in multilingual documents.
• Handling embedded objects.

Content filters emit streams of characters, but Index Server indexes words, so it must be able to identify the words within the character stream. Different languages treat words and breaks between words differently.

Normalizer

The normalizer cleans up the words emitted by the word breaker, handling things like capitalization, punctuation and noise word removal.
In most languages, written text contains many noise words. English examples include “the,” “of,” “and,” “you,” and several hundred similar words. References to these words are not stored in the content index.

The system maintains a system-wide list of noise words on a per-language basis, which the administrator can customize. When one of these noise words produced while a document is being filtered, the noise word is ignored.

Noise word removal can significantly reduce the size of the overall index because noise words constitute the bulk of written text. Users can customize noise word lists to account for local slang and application-specific words.
Once words are normalized, they finally put into the content index.

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You install Index Server on Microsoft Windows NT Server through the Windows NT Option Pack Setup program. During installation, you specif}’ a catalog directory—a catalog is the highest-level unit of organization in Index Server—and optionally which language resource files to install.

Setup creates a CATALOG.WCI directory in the specified catalog directory to store the index and property cache. This directory may use up to 40 percent of the corpus size, so place it on a partition with enough space.

Also, during Setup, the Index Server files are copied to your computer in the following locations:

• Sample HTML and script files will be copied into /lissamples/lssamples.
• Administration files will be copied into /lisadmin/Isadmin.
• Documentation files will be copied into /Iishelp/Ix.

After installation, the Content Index service is started and begins indexing all documents in each of the virtual directories configured for the IIS Web server. This includes virtual directories for remote resources.

You can check to see if the Content Index service is running by looking in the Windows NT Control Panel, under Services. If the Content Index service is not running, you can start it by selecting Content Index and clicking Start.

After the initial indexing, the Content Index service (cisvc.exe) continues to index whatever documents you add to IIS. You can add new documents to existing virtual directories or add new virtual directories and put documents into them. The Content Index service continues to monitor and index all virtual directories on the server even when the World Wide Web (WWW) service is not running.

Index Server provides language-specific word breakers that understand how to break a stream of characters into valid words. These breakers understand a particular language’s structure and syntax and analyze the text to identify words. The word breakers accept a stream of characters on one side and emit words out the other.

Content filters are required because documents typically stored in some private file format. For example, WordPerfect files stored on the disk in a different way than Microsoft Word files. Most content indexing systems do not understand these private file formats and consequently, do not index them. Index Server uses programs called content filters to index private file formats. A content filter can be thought of as a small version of an application that knows how to read only its own files.

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Before you can create a report on usage activity, you must make sure that logging is enabled on your site.
To enable logging on a WWW or FTP site

1. Select a WWW or FTP site, then click the Properties button on the Toolbar.
2. On the Web Site or FTP Site property sheet, select the Enable Logging
   check box.
3. In the Active log format list, select a format.
4. By default, the Enable Logging check box is selected and the format is W3C Extended Log File Format.The following extended properties are enabled: Time, Client IP Address, Method, and URI Stem.
5. Click OK.

To save a log file

1. Make sure logging is enabled.
2. Select a WWW or FTP site, and then click the Properties button on the Toolbar.
3. On the Web Site or FTP Site property sheet, click Properties. The Logging Properties dialog box appears.
4. Under Log file directory, type the directory in which log files should be saved, accept the default if offered, or click Browse and locate the directory.
5. Click Apply.
6. A file name is displayed beneath the box showing the directory.
7. Click OK until you have closed all dialog boxes.

Before you can create a report on a log file, you must first import the file into the database.
To import a log file

1. Click the Start button, point to Programs, Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack, Microsoft Site Server Express 2.0, and then select Usage Import.
2. From the New Import panel of the Usage Import screen, use the Browse button to choose the log file, or specify its full path in the Log Location text box on the main Import module panel.
3. Click the Start Import button to begin importing the log file.

When the import module has finished importing the log file, it will display a message that includes the total time required to complete the operation.

Once you have imported log files into the database, you’re ready to produce analysis reports about the activity of your Internet sites.

Usage Import reconstructs actual requests and visits from users and organizations interacting with your Internet sites. The Report Writer enables you to analyze and cross-reference several properties of those requests, visits, users, and organizations. Its graphical interface provides you with a powerful and flexible tool for understanding activity on your sites.

When you start Report Writer, you are given the option to choose an analysis from a catalog of standard reports, create your own from scratch, or select a report you have previously created. The Report Writer catalog contains more than 20 standard reports, grouped as detail reports and summary reports.

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Report Writer can produce nine different pre-configured detail reports. The following list indicates what each detail report shows, and what it will help you determine about your Web site.

• Bandwidth :  Shows byte transfers on an hourly, daily, and weekly basis. This report will help you to identify trends over time, as well as averages per day of week and hour of a day. Use this information to plan maintenance or upgrades, or to alert you to the need for additional capacity to maintain an optimal user experience on your Web site.

• Browser and Operating System :  Shows browser market share, trends in Netscape and Microsoft versions and security support, and user operating systems. Use this information to design your Web site for proper user experience. This report requires “user agent” data within your server log files.

• Geography :  Shows the top cities, states/provinces, and regions in the United States and Canada, as well as the international countries visiting your Web site. Use this information to target your efforts towards the origin of your visitors, and to determine where to mirror your sites. This report requires “IP resolution” and “Whois queries” to be completed before analysis.

• Hit :  Shows the number of hits on the server each hour, day, and a week in addition to the average number of hits for a day of the week and an hour of the day. This report helps to determine when to conduct maintenance and install upgrades, and how to plan for additional capacity.

• Organization :  Shows the U.S., Canadian, and international organizations that visit your Web site. Use this information to monitor your target audience, identify new target customers, and generate leads from frequently visiting organizations. This report requires “IP resolution” and “Whois queries” to be completed before analysis.

• Referrer :  Shows the top external organization names and URLs that users linked from to reach your Web site. Use this information to evaluate the effectiveness of online advertising or promotions, or to identify synergistic locations for such programs. This report requires “referrer” data within your server log files, and “IP resolution” to be completed before analysis.

• Request :  Shows the most and least requested documents over time and by directory. This report indicates if there is objectionable material on your site, and what attracts the attention of site visitors.

• User : Lists the number of overall and first-time visitors to the location, and the average number of visits per user, users per organization, and requests and length of visit per user. This report also charts trends in usage by registered and unregistered users over time. This report lets you know if first-time users are returning to your site, if users are relying on your site habitually, and whether your site is becoming more popular over time.

• Visits :  Lists the number of requests made per visit by those users who do the most requesting, the average length of a visit, and the pages of your site that users are likely to access first during a visit or last just before leaving your site. It will also chart visit trends. This report helps to determine the characteristics of visitors to your site, as well as whether particular content is drawing users to, or repelling them from, your site.

Microsoft Index Server indexes the contents and properties of documents on an Internet or intranet Web site served by Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS). You can set up Index Server so clients can use any browser to search a Web site by filling in the fields of a Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) formatted query form. When a client executes a query, the Web server forwards the information typed into the query form to the query engine. The query engine finds the pertinent documents, formats the results as an HTML Web page, and then returns the results to the client.

Multiple Web Server Indexing

Index Server can be used to index multiple Web servers, including files on a Novell NetWare server or files on a file allocation table (FAT) partition. Multiple Web server support is achieved by sharing a folder on the remote computer and creating a virtual directory from the indexing server.

Multiple File Format Support

Index Server can also index the full-text contents and property values of formatted documents. It enables an organization to publish existing documents directly on an intranet without converting them to a different format, such as HTML.
By default, Index Server includes the ability to index several file formats including:

• Text files (.txt)
• HTML 3.0 or earlier files (.htm)
• Microsoft Word 95 and Word 97 files (.doc)
• Microsoft Excel 95 and Microsoft Excel 97 files (.xls)
• Microsoft PowerPoint® 95 and PowerPoint 97 files (.ppt)
• Binary files (properties only)

Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) links are also indexed. Other file formats can be indexed.by installing additional content filters, available from independent software vendors. A content filter reads a proprietary document format and emits words in text format that are then indexed by Index Server.

When an embedded object encountered in a document, its type identified and the appropriate filter is activated. It means that Index Server indexes not only the text in a Word document but also any text in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet embedded in the Word document.

Because knowledge of the file format is contained entirely within the filter, new file formats can be indexed just by providing a filter for the format. Independent software vendors can provide content filters that understand their on-disk document formats and plug these filters into the Index Server system. In this manner, Index Server is extensible and can read new formats as filters become available.

Multiple Language Support

Multilingual indexing and querying features are standard in Index Server. Index Server currently supports the following languages:

• Dutch
• French
• German
• Italian
• Japanese
• Spanish
• Swedish
• U.K. English
• U.S. English
• Traditional and Simplified Chinese

Index Server can index multilingual documents and switch between languages as required. For example, Index Server can index an English paragraph, index a French paragraph, and then switch back to English. All index information stored as Unicode characters and all queries converted to Unicode before processing.

NNTP Indexing

Index Server can index Network News Transfer. Protocol (NNTP) messages stored on a news server.

Zero Maintenance Design

Once Index Server is installed and started, it will automatically index all files associated with an IIS Web site. When changes made to the files on a Web site, Index Server will automatically refresh the searchable index. Index Server also includes an automatic error detection and recovery system to handle standard errors.

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The script tag is used to indicate that the text enclosed in the tag is to be interpreted, not displayed and used on both the client and the server.

Client scripting is not Active Server Pages and is dependent on the browser for the implementation of any scripting language. Scripting language varies with browsers and may even vary within versions of the same browser. Client script is only mentioned here to differentiate from Active Server Pages and server-side scripting in general.

Script Tag for non-ASP Clients

The script tag for use within browsers is as follows:
PHP Code:
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE=XXX>

<!—script commands -!>
</SCRIPT>
The type of language supported, and the object model for the browser is browser specific.

Script Tag on Active Server Pages

Active Server Pages on the server use a similar tag, with a few changes. First, there must be a method to specify that the script is to run on the server and not to the client.

A script on an Active Server Page enclosed in the following tags:

PHP Code:
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE=XXX RUNAT=SERVER>
<!—Server-side script
–!>
</SCRIPT>
Alternately, for convenience and to reduce the complexity of the scripted pages, the server side script tag may be shortened as follows:

PHP Code:
<?PHP
<!—Server-side script
–!>
?>
In this case, notice that the script runs on the server and, therefore, is not browser-specific. The output of this script can display any content to the user and may be browser-specific. In fact, ASP scripting can be used to create client-side scripting at run time.

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Catalog

A catalog is the highest level unit of organization in Microsoft Index Server. Each catalog is an entirely self-contained unit, containing an index and cached properties for one or more scopes (virtual server). Index Server queries cannot span multiple catalogs.

Corpus

The collection of all documents stored on an IIS site for indexing is called a corpus. The corpus stored in one or more physical storage locations on the local machine and another connected file server that defined as either virtual servers or virtual directories. The administrator configures the scope of the corpus by specifying which directories will be indexed.

Improved speed performance achieved by having Index Server data on a different drive than the drive that contains the corpus.

System Requirements

This topic lists the minimum hardware and software required to run Index Server.

• You install Index Server when you install Microsoft Internet Information Server version (US) on Microsoft Windows NT Server version.
• On Windows NT Server, the minimum hardware required for Index Server is the same as that for IIS.
• Index Server program files need anywhere from 3 to 12 MB of disk space, depending on the number of languages installed. Index Server can index documents in several different languages.
• Disk space needed for storing Index Server data depends upon the size of the corpus (all files to be searched) and type of documents. The free disk space must be roughly 40 percent of the size of the corpus.
• For security reasons, it is recommended that Index Server data stored on an NTFS file system drive.
• The optimum configuration depends upon the size of the corpus, number of documents, and the search load on the server. More memory and faster processors make indexing and querying faster.

A 486/DX4-100 computer with 32 MB of RAM, running Windows NT Server 4.0, services queries well if the number of simultaneous queries is not too high. For a small organization, this may be sufficient; but for a larger group serving more users, higher performance hardware recommended.

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Components are written in any language, reusable in other environments, and are a familiar programming model. They provide database access and enhance browser capabilities and link navigation.

ASP obtains components using properties and methods. Properties are data objects that control the state of the object. Methods are functions that operate on the resources.

You can write your component in any language that generates Automation server components. Choosing a language involves many considerations, including familiarity with the language, tools support, run-time performance, threading models, code complexity, and the size of the compiled code. Languages and products that can be used to write Automation server components include Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Visual Basic, and Java.

Components follow the COM standard

Components created for ASP follow the Component Object Model (COM). These objects are launched in memory, and provide methods and properties that are in turn called from the ASP pages.

These components are primarily ActiveX components that do not implement a user interface. While developing components for ASP, you must use the interfaces provided by ASP to create the components in accordance with COM.

Accessed only by the Server

ActiveX server components are installed and run on the Web Server. The browser that is used to access these components is entirely independent of the browser’s manufacturer or version.

Extend ActiveX Server Components

The ActiveX Server is extensible. Because of this, developers can create ActiveX server components used by a variety of Internet intranet scenarios.

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ActiveX server components are created to extend the functionality of ASP. They are the logical evolution of scripting. When a procedure repeatedly used in ASP page construction, such as business rules, the application made more scalable and more responsive when the code is an ActiveX server component instead of ActiveX Scripting.

The following installable ASP components are designed to assist in building interactive and dynamic Web sites.

File Upload

The file upload component is an RFC 1867 compliant component that provides the ability to upload files from the client computer to the Web server. This component will inter-operate with the tag
HTML Code:
<input type=”file”>
in Netscape browsers, as well as with the Web Publishing Wizard and the ActiveX Upload control.

SMTP Send Mail

With the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Send Mail component, your Web pages can easily and quickly send e-mail through an SMTP e-mail server. Microsoft Exchange 5.0 and later provides an SMTP e-mail server that may be used to exchange e-mail on the Internet.

NNTP Discussions

Threaded Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) discussions are created using the NNTP Discussion object. Developers may now create either public or private NNTP newsgroups. Newsgroups are accessed using a standard NNTP newsreader such as Microsoft® Outlook™ Express.

Page Counter

The page counter is a component designed to be launched in the Application scope of the Web application. This global location makes displaying page hits much faster and easier to implement.

Permission Checker

The Permission Checker component tests the Web user’s access rights to a file or a page. You can use the Permission Checker component to customize an ASP-based page for different types of users. For example, if a Web page contains links to pages that might be restricted, you can use the Permission Checker component to test the user’s permissions for the corresponding Web pages. You can then omit or make inactive any links to which the user does not have access.