Access to individual newsgroups, or sets of newsgroups, is controlled by setting Windows NT Server permissions for the directories that contain those newsgroups.

To restrict access to a newsgroup

1. Create Windows NT Server accounts for users.
2. Define Windows NT Server permissions for the directory that contains the newsgroup.
3. Set the authentication method used by Microsoft NNTP Service.

Authenticating Users

Microsoft NNTP Service supports two methods for authentication of users:

• Basic authentication
• Windows NT challenge/response authentication

To set the authentication method

1. Using Internet Service Manager, right-click Default NNTP Site, click Properties, and then select the Directory Security tab.
2. Under Password Authentication Method, click Edit.
3. Select the appropriate authentication method.

Limiting Access by IP Address

You can also limit access to all newsgroups by the IP address of the client computer. By default, all IP addresses can access Microsoft NNTP Service.

Either you can allow access to a specified list of IP addresses, or you can deny access to a specified list of IP addresses. You also can specify IP addresses using a domain name, but this adds the overhead of a DNS lookup for each connection.

To limit access by IP address

1. Using Internet Service Manager right-click Default NNTP Site, click Properties, select the Directory Security tab.
2. To grant access to all computers by default, choose Granted Access or choose Denied Access to deny access to all computers by default. In either case, you would then specify exceptions to the policy by listing IP addresses that will be denied (or allowed) access.
3. To add each IP address you want to allow or deny, click Add.
4. Click Single Computer. In the IP Address box, type the IP address of the computer. If you don’t know the IP address, click DNS Lookup.
5. Click Group of Computers. In the Network ID box, type the IP address. In the Subnet Mask box, type the subnet mask name for the group of computers.
6. Click Domain Name. In the Domain Name box, type the domain name of the computer.

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If you want to control what articles posted to a newsgroup, you should use a moderated newsgroup. Articles submitted to a moderated newsgroup not published until the moderator for that newsgroup approves them.

When a user submits an article to a moderated newsgroup, Microsoft NNTP Service sends the article to the newsgroup moderator.
The moderator can either approve the article and send it back to Microsoft NNTP Service to be posted, or discard the article.

For discarded articles, the moderator can choose to send a message to the author of the article to explain why the article got rejected.

Establishing Moderated Newsgroups

To use moderated newsgroups, you must specify an SMTP e-mail server that is used to send articles to moderators or a directory where the articles stored for the moderators.

You can also specify a default moderator domain. If you choose to use the default moderator for a newsgroup, articles are sent to newsgroup_name @ defaul t_do main.

To enable moderated newsgroups

1. Using Internet Service Manager, right-click Default NNTP Site, click Properties, select the NNTP Settings tab.
2. In the SMTP server for moderated groups box, type either the Domain Name System (DNS) name or Internet Protocol (IP) address of the SMTP server, or type the path to the directory where articles stored for the moderators. The directory path must be a local directory or a network directory mapped to a drive letter.
3. In the Default moderator domain box, type the e-mail domain for default moderators.

To create a moderated newsgroup

1. Using Internet Service Manager, right-click Default NNTP Site, click Properties, and then select the Groups tab.
2. Select Create new newsgroup.
3. In the Newsgroup box, type the name of the newsgroup you want to create.
4. In the Description box, type a brief description of the newsgroup function.
5. Select either Moderated by default newsgroup moderator or Moderated
   by and then type the e-mail address of the moderator.

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Microsoft NNTP Service uses six property sheets to configure different aspects of the service. All NNTP service property sheets can be accessed using the Internet Service Manager (ISM).

• News Site – Use this property sheets to set NNTP site identification and IP address, limit the number of connections allowed, to specify a connection timeout, and to enable or disable logging for an NNTP site.

• Security Accounts – Use this property sheet to control which users can access your server and to specify which account to use for anonymous client login requests.

• NNTP Settings – Use this property sheet to specify whether to allow clients to post messages, to limit message size or connection length, or to allow servers to pull messages from the server. You can also specify the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) server for moderated groups, set the default moderator domain and set the e-mail account for the site administrator.

• Home Directory – Use this property sheet to specify whether content should come from a directory located on this computer or a share located elsewhere, to set access restriction for the site, to set content control specifications, and to specify the Secure Communications method for the server.

• Directory Security – Use this property sheet to set the password authentication method for non-anonymous access, and to set TCP/IP access restrictions.

• Groups – Use this property sheet to create new newsgroups, to limit the number of resulting newsgroup matches, and to edit or delete newsgroups from a list of matching newsgroups.

Using the Editing and Deleting a Newsgroup property sheet, you can edit the properties of an existing Microsoft NNTP Service newsgroup or delete a newsgroup that you no longer need.

To edit or delete a newsgroup

1. Using Internet Service Manager, expand Default NNTP Site then click the Groups tab.
2. In the Matching newsgroups box, select a newsgroup. If you do not see the newsgroup you want, type the first few characters of the newsgroup name in the Newsgroup name box, and then click Find.
3. Click Edit to edit newsgroup properties, or click Delete to remove the newsgroup.

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Microsoft NNTP Service installed as part of Internet Information Server (US) using the Custom setup option. System requirements for Microsoft NNTP Service are identical to those for the US.

Starting, Stopping, and Pausing NNTP Service

Microsoft NNTP Service runs as a service on Windows NT Server. The service is configured to start automatically. However, you can manually start, stop, and pause the service using Internet Service Manager, NNTP Service Manager (HTML), or the Services application under Windows NT Server Control Panel.

When you start Microsoft NNTP Service, it accepts new connections from users. When you stop Microsoft NNTP Service, it disconnects current users and does not accept new connections. When you pause Microsoft NNTP Service, it does not accept new connections but continues to service existing connections.

To start, stop, or pause Microsoft NNTP Service using Internet Service Manager

1. Start Internet Service Manager.
2. Select the Default NNTP Site entry.
3. From the Action menu, click Start, Stop, or Pause.

Creating a Newsgroup

Use the Groups property sheet in Microsoft NNTP Service to create a newsgroup. When you create a new newsgroup, Microsoft NNTP Service automatically creates the directory for the newsgroup.

To create a newsgroup

1. Using Internet Service Manager, right-click Default NNTP Site, click Properties, and then select the Groups tab.
2. Click Create new newsgroup.
3. In the Newsgroup box, type the name of the newsgroup you want to create.
4. In the Description box, type a brief description of the newsgroup function.
5. Click OK, then OK again to close the Default NNTP Site Properties dialog box.

Creating Virtual Directories Across Disk Drives

Virtual directories enable you to store newsgroup files on multiple disk drives. Using more than one disk drive can improve the performance of a heavily used drive. Using multiple disk drives can also provide more storage than using a single drive. Besides, virtual directories enable you to change the physical location of the directory without changing the name of the newsgroup.

Virtual directories contain part of the newsgroup hierarchy. For example, a virtual directory named Research could include all of the newsgroups named research*.

Virtual directories can be located on a local disk drive or a network drive. There is no advantage to creating a virtual directory on the same physical drive as the home directory.

You can create as many virtual directories as you need. You create virtual directories that match the structure of your newsgroup hierarchy.

To create a virtual directory

1. Using Internet Service Manager, expand Default NNTP Site, and select Directories.
2. From the Action menu, click New, and then click Virtual Directory.
3. Follow the instructions of the New Virtual Directory Wizard.

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Microsoft NNTP Service implements the Network News Transport Protocol (NNTP), which is a client/server protocol. Microsoft NNTP Service is the server; Microsoft Internet Mail and News is a typical client.

Clients connect to Microsoft NNTP Service through a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) network. The default TCP port is 119 for regular connections. For encrypted SSL connections, the default TCP port is 563.

Microsoft NNTP Service runs as a service on Windows NT Server. The service is configured to start automatically. In Windows NT Server Control Panel under the Services application, the service name is “Microsoft NNTP Service.”

Posting Articles

You post newsgroup articles to Microsoft NNTP Service using a news client such as Microsoft Internet Mail and News. The client connects to Microsoft NNTP Service and requests to post the article to one or more newsgroups. Microsoft NNTP Service receives the connection request and verifies that the user is authorized to post to the specified newsgroups. Microsoft NNTP Service then adds the article to the newsgroup and updates the newsgroup index.

Viewing Articles

You view newsgroup articles on Microsoft NNTP Service using a news client such as Microsoft Internet Mail and NeWs. The first step in viewing newsgroup articles is to get a list of available newsgroups. The client connects to Microsoft NNTP Service and requests the list of available newsgroups. Microsoft NNTP Service receives the connection request, verifies that the user is authorized to access newsgroups, and then sends the client a list of all available newsgroups.

The second step is to select the newsgroup the user wants to view. The client requests the list of articles for the selected newsgroup. Microsoft NNTP Service verifies that the user is authorized to access the specified newsgroup and sends the client a list of all articles in that newsgroup.

As the user selects articles, the client requests the selected articles from Microsoft NNTP Service. Microsoft NNTP Service then returns the contents of the specified articles.

Microsoft NNTP Service Data Structures

Microsoft NNTP Service stores newsgroup articles in one or more directory hierarchies. Each newsgroup has its own directory, and each article is stored as a file in that directory.

The main directory is
C:Inetpubnntproot

by default, which can be changed on the Home Directory tab of the Microsoft NNTP Service property page. Yoir can create additional directory hierarchies on other disk drives or other computers by defining virtual directories.

The newsgroup directory has the same name as the newsgroup. Microsoft NNTP Service automatically creates the required directories when you create new newsgroups. For example, the newsgroup named entertainmenLnews is stored in the directory EntertainmentNews under the root directory

C:Inetpubnntprootentertainmentnews by default.

Newsgroup article files have a .nws extension. Microsoft NNTP Service also creates files that list the subjects of stored articles. Microsoft NNTP Service creates one of these subject files, which has a .xix extension, for every 128 articles in a newsgroup.

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Newsgroup-type discussions

Microsoft NNTP Service is a fully functional newsgroup server that allows users in an organization to engage in newsgroup-type discussions with other users, both inside and outside the organization.

The NNTP Service provides support for creating local discussion groups for a single server using the industry-standard NNTP protocol.

This service allows users to read articles posted by others, post articles on their own, and join conversation threads about topics of interest.

Microsoft NNTP Service takes full advantage of standard Microsoft Windows NT Server administration tools for performance monitoring and event reporting.

When you install Microsoft NNTP Service, the Setup program installs a complete set of performance monitor counters. All Microsoft NNTP Service status and error messages written to event logs for viewing with Windows NT Event Viewer.

Microsoft NNTP Service manages access to newsgroups using Windows NT Server access control lists (ACLs). By setting the permissions for the directory that contains a newsgroup, you control who can access that newsgroup. You can also specify anonymous access to allow anyone to access a newsgroup.

Graphical administration tools

Microsoft NNTP Service offers you a choice of two graphical administration tools: Internet Service Manager and NNTP Service Manager (HTML).

You can perform all administration tasks with the tool that best meets your needs. Internet Service Manager uses Microsoft Management Console (MMC) to manage Microsoft NNTP Service from a computer on the same local area network (LAN). This tool can manage all IIS components using a single interface.

NNTP Service Manager (HTML) uses a Web browser, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer, to manage Microsoft NNTP Service from a computer on the same network or on the Internet. This tool only requires a Web browser on the administrator’s computer.

• Microsoft NNTP Service can also write to the IIS access log to record usage statistics and transactions.
• Microsoft NNTP Service supports the Network News Transport Protocol (NNTP) that is used for both client-to-server and server-to-server communication over the Internet. Microsoft NNTP Service supports popular NNTP extensions and is fully compatible with other NNTP clients and servers.
• Microsoft NNTP Service supports full-text and property indexing of newsgroup content using Microsoft Index Server, which included with IIS.

The optional Microsoft Content Replication System updates the access control lists for Microsoft NNTP Service automatically across multiple servers. It saves time and simplifies security administration.

Supports Content formats

In addition, Microsoft NNTP Service supports numerous content formats including:

• Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME)
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)
• Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)

Security options

Microsoft NNTP Service supports the following three security options for protecting your organization’s private information:

• Allow Anonymous : Allows anyone to access a newsgroup without providing a user name or a password.

• Basic Authentication : Requires users to provide a user name and a password, which are sent as clear text across the network.

• Windows NT Challenge/Response : Requires users to provide a user name and a password, which are encrypted for secure transmission across the network.

This protocol requires the Microsoft Internet Mail and News client.

To protect the information being sent across a public network, Microsoft NNTP Service supports Secure Socket Layer (SSL) channel encryption. SSL support includes certificate support to validate the identity of clients and servers.

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SMTP site access protection is available on several levels. To start, you can grant or deny access to specific computers or networks. For computers allowed access, you can require that SSL used for all transmissions sent to the server. Finally, you can grant or deny access to specific user accounts. Not all these options have to be enabled. You can choose how secure you want the SMTP site to be and use the security options to obtain the level of protection needed.

About Security Settings

There are three property sheets available for setting security options. With the Operators property sheet, you can designate permissions for specific user accounts. The Delivery property sheet, Outbound Security button, allows you to enable TLS encryption. The Directory Security property sheet provides settings for SSL. It also includes IP access restrictions in Internet Service Manager, but not Internet Service Manager (HTML). Settings on these property sheets apply to all domains on the site.

Setting Operator Permissions

You can designate which user accounts can have operator permissions for the SMTP site. Once Windows NT accounts are set up, you can easily grant permissions by selecting the accounts from a list. These permits can be rescinded just as quickly by removing the account from the list of site operators.

Requiring SSL for Incoming Connections

You can require that all clients use SSL to connect to the server managed through the default SMTP site. This option secures the connection but not used for authentication.

To use SSL for the server, you must create key pairs and configure key certificates. Clients can then use SSL to submit encrypted messages to Microsoft SMTP Service, which Microsoft SMTP Service can then decode. Microsoft SMTP Service can also use SSL to encrypt messages sent to remote servers.

To use TLS for all outgoing connections, on the Delivery tab, click the Outbound Security button. In the Outbound Security dialog box, select the TLS Encryption options.

If you don’t want to use TLS but a server you commonly connect to requires the use of TLS for all incoming transmissions, clear the TLS encryption check box. You can then create a remote domain for the remote site and select the TSL encryption check box under the Outbound Security on that specific Domain Properties property sheet.

You can use transaction logging to track individual message operations, including time of receipt, delivery to a local mailbox, and recipient access. From the SMTP Site property sheet, you can choose which logging format to uses for recording information about SMTP Service. From the Format list, select a logging format. The default format is the Microsoft US Log Format.

• Microsoft Logging – A fixed ASCII format.

• W3C Extended Logging – An ASCII format that can be customized. You choose the items you want to track.

• NCSA Logging – A fixed ASCII format standard to the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA).

• ODBC Logging – Enables you to log to an ODBC database

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In Outlook Express

1. Double-click Outlook Express.
2. Click OK to accept the Outlook Express folder.
3. The complete path should be
   C:WINNTProfilesAdministratorApplication DataMicrosoftOutlook Express.
4. In Outlook Express, click Inbox.
5. The Internet Connection Wizard appears.
6. In Display name, type Instructor and click Next.
7. In E-mail Address, type Instructor@cpwebhosting.com or Instructor@dns.microsoft.com and click Next.
8. In Incoming Mail Server, enter your server name, for example, instructor.classroom.com or server@dns.microsoft.com.
9. In Outgoing Mail Server, enter instructor.classroom.com or server@dns.microsoft.com and click Next.
10. In Internet Mail Logon, enter Administrator and leave a blank password, or enter your login credentials.
11. In Friendly Name, enter an Internet Mail account, for examplelnstructor@classroom.com or Instructor@dns.microsoft.comand click Next.
12. Click Next to accept the choice to Connect using my LAN.
13. Click Finish.

In the MMC, on the Default SMTP Site

1. Right-click the Default SMTP Site and click the Properties tab.
2. From the Directory Security tab, click Edit in the Relay Restrictions area.
3. In the Relay Restrictions dialog box, click Allowed to relay, then click OK.
4. Click OK to close the Default SMTP Site Properties dialog box.

In Outlook Express

1. Switch back to Outlook Express and click Compose Message.
2. Send a message to user@somewhere.com, with a subject of not on my site with a short message.
3. Click Send.

In Windows NT Explorer

1. Open the Windows NT Explorer and browse to C:InetpubMailrootQueue.
2. Double-click the file or files with the envelope icon next to it or them.
3. The message you just sent will be opened.
4. Close the message.

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Use this property sheet to set all delivery and routing options. Settings are grouped into three categories: routing options, transmission options, and security options.

Transmissions Options, Local or Remote Queue

• Maximum Retries – Use this dialog box to determine how many times to re-send a message before the message is considered undeliverable. After the limit is reached, the message is returned to the sender with an NDR.

• Retry Interval – Use this dialog box to determine at what interval to re-send a message before the message is considered undeliverable.

Routing Options

• Maximum Hop Count – Use this dialog box to determine the maximum number of servers a message is routed through before being considered undeliverable.

• Fully Qualified Domain Name – Use this dialog box to clarify the address for use in message exchanger (MX).

• Smart Host – Use this dialog box to designate a server through which to route all outgoing messages.

Security Options

• Masquerade Domain – Use this box to replace any local domain used in any From lines in the header, or Mail From lines in the protocol with a different domain name.

• Perform reverse DNS lookup on Incoming Messages – Select this check box to verify that the message originated from the computer and domain listed in the From field.

• Outbound Security – Click Outbound Security to choose the security method for outbound messages.

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Use the Directory Security property sheet to specify the methods for anonymous access and authentication control, and to set the secure communication method. Also use this sheet to set IP address and domain name restrictions, and to grant or deny permissions to relay mail through the SMTP site.

Anonymous Access and Authentication Control

Allows you to enable anonymous access and edit the authentication methods for this resource. Click Edit to select one of more authentication methods from the following options:

• Allow Anonymous Access – This option requires no user name or password for access to the resource.

• Basic Authentication – This option allows client authentication with password sent over the network in clear text using standard commands.

• Windows NT Challenge/Response – This option allows the client and server to negotiate the Windows NT Systems Security Provider Interface using Windows NT Challenge/Response.

Secure Communications

Sets the Secure Communication method used when the SMTP site is accessed. Once a valid key certificate from a Certificate Authority is installed on your virtual server, you can require that access to your virtual directory take place on a secure channel.

IP Address and Domain Name Restrictions

Use these properties to block individuals or groups from gaining aeecss lo your server, or to grant acc’ess only to specific individuals or groups. Click Edit to set the defaults for your service.

By default, all computers will be:

• Granted access – Select this option to grant access to all computers by default. Click Add to list those computers that will be denied access by exception.

• Denied access – Select this option to deny access to all computers by default. Click Add to list those computers that will be granted access by exception.

Relay Restrictions

Use these properties to determine whether to grant or deny permission to relay mail through the SMTP site. Click Edit to set the defaults for your service.

By default, all computers are:

• Allowed to relay – Select this option to allow all computers to relay mail by default. Click Add to list those computers that, by exception, will not be allowed to relay mail.

• Not allowed to relay – Select this option not to allow all computers to relay mail by default. Click Add to list those computers that, by exception, will be allowed to relay mail.

• Allow any computer that successfully authenticates to relay. Select this option to override the default for any computer that authenticates itself successfully.

In order to limit the proliferation of Unsolicited Commercial E-mail (UCE)—special offers, commentaries, or any message a sender wants to convey to as many recipients as possible—the SMTP Service, by default, doesn’t allow mail to be relayed through it to an external e-mail address. To allow mail to be relayed from specific IP addresses, you must change the settings in the Relay Restrictions section of the Directory Security property sheet. Please note that changing these settings will make your site a prime target for UCE.

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