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Wireless Network

Nowadays, wireless networks are used by billions of people every day. Internet-enabled mobiles have increased ‘Net‘ usage, and people use them everywhere: indoors, in public places, outstations in roaming mode, and travelling. With 4G, the network performance has also increased and has reached the most distant rural areas. It has allowed people from any corner of the world to use applications without a wired connection.

Most of us have 4 G-enabled mobile systems. It supports multimedia, video, voice, wireless internet and broadband services. Compared to its earlier generations, it provides high speed, high capacity, low cost per bit, global mobility, service portability and scalable mobile network.

People use it to send email messages, videos, and photographs, and they click and talk to others. The transmission is done using radio waves, which are invisible to humans.

Based on the wireless network coverage area, the following wireless categories are available:

• Personal Area Network (PAN)
• Local Area Network (LAN)
• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
• Wide Area Network (WAN)

Private Area Network (PAN)

PAN range goes up to 20m and is ideal for offices on the same floor or in a small building. Several devices can simultaneously attach, like PDAs, printers, and Laptops. The machines are connected with radio transmitters and receivers, thus avoiding the cost of cables. The communication takes place at a physical layer of the OSI network model. Nowadays, Most devices have WiFi integrated with a more straightforward setup and configuration.

The Zigbee used in the industrial, scientific and medical industries is a proximity wireless ad-hoc network. Bluetooth 5.0, used in Personal Computers, Smartphones and Gaming consoles, works up to 400m.

Local Area Network (LAN)

It quickly connects local PCs and laptops through an Access Point (AP) using OFDM technology or spread-spectrum. The devices IEEE 802.11 WLAN standards are often used to connect networks of two or more buildings.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Connects several wireless LANs

Wide Area Network (WAN)

It covers a vast area between neighbouring cities, and often, the head office connects to its branch offices. A WAN system includes a base station, Gateway, access points, and wireless bridging relays.