SMTP Site property sheet


Use the SMTP Site property sheet to set necessary connection parameters. These parameters include identifying what port to use, designating the number of connections that can be opened simultaneously, determining the length of time before a connection closed due to inactivity, and enabling or disabling logging for the SMTP site.

SMTP Site Identification

  • Description : This dialog box allows you to choose the name for the SMTP site that will appear in the tree view for the SMTP service.
  • IP Address : This dialog box lists the IP address for the SMTP site.

Incoming and Outgoing Connections

  • TCP/IP Port : Use this dialog box to designate which port to use for incoming or outgoing TCP/IP connections. The default setting for each is port 25.
  • Limit Connections : Select this check box to specify the number of concurrent connections allowed. The default setting for incoming and outgoing message delivery is 1,000.
  • Connection Timeout : Use this dialog box to specify the time allowed before an inactive connection is closed. The default is 600 seconds.
  • Limit Connections per Domain : Select this check box to limit outgoing connections per domain. The default setting restricts the service to 100 connections.

Logging

  • Enable Logging : Select this check box to enable or disable logging for the SMTP site.
  • Active Log File Format : Use this pull-down menu to choose between Microsoft IIS Log File Format, NCSA Common Log File Format, W3C Extended Log File Format, and ODBC Logging.
  • Properties : Click this button to bring up the Microsoft Logging Properties screen appropriate to the log format selected.
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Installing SMTP Service


Microsoft SMTP Service installed along with the IIS. System requirements for Microsoft SMTP Service are identical to those for IIS.
Starting, Pausing, and Stopping SMTP Service

You can stop and start SMTP Service manually. However, while it is an operation, you must be careful when stopping, pausing, and restarting the service, so users are not affected.

All IIS computers on an organization’s network can be stopped, paused, and restarted remotely from any computer on which Internet Service Manager (ISM) installed.

To administer a service remotely, the user running ISM must be defined in the Windows NT Server Administrators group on the computer to administered.

Changing the Default Startup Setting

You can modify the default startup setting using the Services application in Control Panel.

To modify the default startup setting

  1. Open Control Panel and select Services.
  2. Under Service, select Microsoft SMTP Service, and then click Startup
  3. Under Startup, choose Automatic. Manual, or Disabled.

Manually Starting SMTP Service

If you have set the default startup setting to Manual, you can use ISM to start Microsoft SMTP Service.
To start the SMTP service manually

  1. In the ISM window, expand the SMTP tree structure.
  2. Select the default SMTP server.
  3. From the Action menu, choose Start.

Manually Pausing Microsoft SMTP Service

You can pause Microsoft SMTP Service for updates and maintenance. Pausing prevents new client connections, but enables Microsoft SMTP Service to continue processing existing client connections and deliver queued mail. Messages with the .eml extension cannot be deleted from the Queue directory while the service paused.

To pause SMTP service manually

  1. In the ISM window, expand the SMTP tree structure.
  2. Select the default SMTP server.
  3. From the Action menu, choose Pause.

Manually Stopping SMTP Service

You can stop Microsoft SMTP Service for updates and maintenance.

To stop SMTP service manually

  1. In the ISM window, expand the SMTP tree structure.
  2. Select the default SMTP server.
  3. From the Action menu, choose Stop..
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Server platform for Microsoft SMTP Service


IIS provides the server platform for Microsoft SMTP Service. Like other 115 services, such as FTP and WWW, SMTP Service administered through the Internet Service Manager (ISM). It has a similar look and feel like the other IIS services and managed in the same manner. SMTP Service administered through SMTP Service Manager (HTML).

ISM Display Settings

All IIS services set for the computer displayed in the ISM. A node in the pane of the ISM represents Microsoft SMTP Service. When you select one of the nodes, detailed information about it displayed in the right pane. The following list describes the computer and SMTP Service nodes, as well as the function of the component represented:

  • Computer node – This node displays information about Microsoft SMTP Service, including operational status, the IP address, and the port.
  • SMTP Site node – This node is the main administrative component of Microsoft SMTP Service. It provides access to the property sheets for configuring the virtual server. When you double-click the node, a list of domains and current sessions is displayed.
  • Domains node – This node provides access to the Domain Properties property sheet for creating and configuring domains and displays information about all domains set up on the virtual server. Domains are organizational components of Microsoft SMTP Service.
  • Current Sessions node – This node lists the user, source location, and connection time for each currently connected session.

Default Domain

The SMTP site in the ISM is a virtual server you use to run Microsoft SMTP Service and IIS. It includes a default domain, which is used to stamp messages from addresses that do not have a domain. There is a single default domain, and it cannot be deleted. You can, however, create an alias domain. All alias domains use the default domain to stamp messages.

Mailroot Directory and Default Directories

Setup installs five default directories in the Mailroot directory for Microsoft SMTP Service. The SortTemp directory, not listed below, stores temporary files. The Mailroot directory must be installed on the same drive as Microsoft SMTP Service. The default location is C:InetpubMailroot, but you can designate a different location during setup. If you install the Mailroot directory on an NTFS file system partition, you can move the Badmail and Drop directories to a different partition. The other directories must stay in the Mailroot directory on the NTFS partition.

The following list describes the Mailroot directories and their contents:

  • Badmail – Stores undeliverable messages that cannot be returned to the sender.
  • Drop – Receives all incoming messages. You can change the location provided you do not select a directory already designated as the Pickup directory . You can designate a different Drop directory for each domain.
  • Pickup – Picks up outgoing messages that are manually created as a text file and copied to the directory. As soon as a message is placed in the Pickup directory, Microsoft SMTP Service picks it up and initiates delivery.
  • Queue – Holds messages for delivery. If a message cannot be delivered because the connection is busy or down, the message is stored in the queue and sent again at designated retry intervals.

A common component of Internet sites is mail delivery. Internet messages are generally transmitted and delivered through the use of the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) protocol. Dedicated to the SMTP delivery process, Microsoft SMTP Service allows you to configure your hardware for sending and receiving messages over the Internet. It also provides additional features that enable you to customize your configuration to accommodate unique delivery and security requirements.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is the protocol for sending e-mail messages between servers. The SMTP Server in IIS 4.0 provides an implementation of SMTP, but is not a full SMTP server.

Standard Internet Protocol Support

Microsoft SMTP Service provides full support for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol and is compatible with standard SMTP mail clients.

Administration Using the Internet Service Manager

SMTP Service uses Internet Service Manager (ISM) and SMTP Service Manager (HTML) for administration, included with Microsoft Internet Information Server version 4.0 (IIS). In addition, SMTP Service uses other Microsoft Windows NT Server administrative features including performance monitoring and event logs. These tools allow administrators to collect usage statistics and examine usage patterns, monitor server performance, and identify potential problems.

Advanced Security

SMTP Service supports use of the Transport Layer Security Protocol (TLS) for encrypting transmissions.

Directed Mail Drop and Pickup

For each configured domain, SMTP Service supports the placement of all incoming messages directly into a Drop directory. This allows SMTP Service to be used as a mail receiver for other applications.

In addition to connecting to a TCP port to send messages, applications can also use a Pickup directory. Once a message is placed in the Pickup directory, SMTP Service delivers the message, thus simplifying the development of external mail services.

Posting Acceptor allows IIS, Microsoft Peer Web Services, and Microsoft Personal Web Server to accept Web content from Microsoft Web Publishing Wizard/API, Microsoft Internet Explorer, and Netscape Navigator 2.02 or later through any standard HTTP connection. In conjunction with Microsoft Content Replication System (CRS), Posting Acceptor can also distribute content to multiple servers simultaneously.

Note For additional information on setting up and configuring Microsoft Posting Acceptor, please refer to the Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack product documentation.

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Property Sheets


The FTP Service uses five different property sheets to configure specific areas of the service. During the installation of IIS, default values are assigned to the various properties on the property sheets. These properties can be set on the site level, directory level, and even on the file level.

Master

When IIS is installed on your computer, certain default properties are applied to the Master property sheets. Every virtual FTP site you create inherits these settings. If you change the settings on the Master property sheets, subsequent virtual FTP sites will inherit the new settings, but previously created virtual FTP sites will not.

Note To access the Master property sheets, open the Internet Service Manager, right-click on your computer icon, click Properties, and then click the Edit button under the heading Master Properties.

Default

The installation process created a Default FTP Site with its own default properties. Every file you create within the Default FTP Site will inherit these settings.

Files

Files created in a virtual FTP directory will inherit the virtual FTP directory’s property sheet settings, whereas files created in the Default FTP Site will inherit the settings of the Default FTP site’s property sheets. After a file is created, property sheets can be configured on the file level.

All FTP property sheets can be accessed using the Internet Service Manager snap-in for Microsoft Management Console.

To access the FTP property sheets

  1. From the Start menu, point to Programs, Microsoft Internet Information Server, and then click Internet Service Manager.
  2. In the left pane, double-click the IIS node.
  3. In the left pane, double-click the computername node.
  4. Right-click Default FTP Site, and then click Properties.

The FTP Property Sheet dialog box appears with tabs for each property sheet.
Use this property sheet to change the home directory for your FTP site or to modify its properties. The home directory is the central location for the published files in your FTP site. A default home directory, called Ftproot, is created when you install the FTP service. You can change the location of the home directory to one of the following:

  • A directory located on this computer
  • A share located on another computer

Access Check Boxes

These check boxes determine the type of access allowed to the director}’.

  • Read. Check this box to enable Web clients to read or download files stored in a home directory or a virtual directory.
  • Write. CheckThis box to enable Web clients to upload files to the enabled directory on your server or to change content in a Write-enabled file. Write can only be done with a browser that supports the PUT feature of the HTTP 1.1 protocol standard.
  • Log Access. Check this box to record visits to this directory in a log file.

Directory Listing Style

Select either UNIX or Microsoft MS-DOS to indicate which directory listing style is sent to FTP users.
Use this property sheet to set the KIP site identification, specify the number of connections allowed, and enable logging for the FTP site.
Identification

  • Description – This dialog box lists the name you choose for the Web site and will appear in the tree view of the Internet Service.
  • IP Address – This dialog box lists the IP address for the FTP site.
  • TCP Port – This dialog box determines the port on which each service will run.

Connections

  • Unlimited – Select this option to allow an unlimited number of connections to occur simultaneously.
  • Limited to – Select this option to limit the number of simultaneous connections to the server. In the dialog box, type the number of connections permitted.
  • Connection Timeout – Sets the length of time in seconds before the server disconnects an inactive user.

Enable Logging

Select this option to enable your Web site’s logging features, which can record details about user activity and create logs in’ your choice of format.

The Properties button brings up the Microsoft Logging Properties screen appropriate to the Active log format you have chosen. For example, clicking Properties for W3C Extended Log File Format would allow you to choose how often to create new logs, specify the file directory for the log, and select additional extended properties for logging.

Current Sessions

Click the Current Sessions button to view a list of users currently connected to the FTP Service.
Use the Security Accounts property sheet to control which users can access your server and to specify which account to use for anonymous client logon requests.

Anonymous Connections

Select the Allow Anonymous Connections check box to allow users using the username “anonymous” to log on to your FTP server. Use the User Name and Password dialog boxes to establish the Microsoft Windows NT user account to use for permissions for all anonymous connections. By default, IIS creates and uses the account IUSR_computername for all anonymous logons.

  • Allow Only Anonymous Connections. Select this box to prevent users from logging on with user names and passwords.
  • Enable Automatic Password Synchronization. Select this option to enable your Web server to automatically synchronize your anonymous password settings with those set in Windows NT,

Note If you select Allow only anonymous connections, the user password will be sent as plain text. You will need to inform your users to type their e-mail address as their password when accessing an FTP site.

FTP Site Operators

Use the FTP Site Operators dialog box to designate the Windows NT User Accounts you want to be able to administer this FTP server. To add a Windows NT User Account to the current list of accounts that have administrative privileges, click the Add button. To remove a Windows NT User Account from this list, select the account in the Operators list box, and then click the Remove button.

Messages

Use this property sheet to create the messages that will be displayed to browsers that contact your site. All the message fields are blank by default.

  • Welcome – This dialog box holds the message that will be displayed to clients when they first connect to the FTP server.
  • Exit – This dialog box holds the message that will be displayed to clients when they log off the FTP server.
  • Maximum Connections – This dialog box holds the message that will be displayed to clients who try to connect when the FTP service already has the maximum number of connections allowed.

Use the Directory Security property sheet to set access privileges by specific IP address. This allows you to block individuals or groups from gaining access to your server or to grant access only to specific individuals or groups.

TCP/IP Access Restrictions

By default, all computers will be:

  • Granted Access – Select this button to grant access to all computers by default. Click Add to list those computers that will be denied access.
  • Denied Access – Select this button to deny access to all computers by default. Click Add to list those computers that will be granted access.

Microsoft Posting Acceptor is a server add-on tool that Web content providers can use to publish their content using HTTP Post (RFC 1867). After installing Posting Acceptor on your Web server running Microsoft Windows NT Server, Microsoft Windows NT Workstation, or Microsoft Windows 95, you will be able to provide a hosting service for users who want to post Web content to your server.

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Microsoft SMTP Service


Microsoft SMTP Service uses the SMTP protocol to transport and deliver messages. Messages transferred between remote mail servers and the Drop directory designated for the default domain. Client and server connections to SMTP do not involve user interactions and tend to be fairly short. Microsoft SMTP Service is designed to provide quick turnaround on connections to maximize messages-per-second processing.

How Microsoft SMTP Service Works?
When a message is placed in the Pickup directory or comes in through the designated TCP port, it is placed in the Queue directory. If the recipients are local, the message is delivered. If they are non-local, the message is processed for remote delivery.

Local Message Delivery

If a message is determined to be for a local recipient, the message is moved from the Queue directory to the Drop directory designated for the default domain. Once deposited in the Drop directory, the Microsoft SMTP Service delivery cycle is complete. The Drop directory can be designated on the Domain Properties property sheet.

Remote Message Delivery

The following list describes the processes that Microsoft SMTP Service uses to deliver remote messages:

  • Sort messages and queue for delivery : Messages remain in the Queue directory. They are sorted by domain so Microsoft SMTP Service can send them as a group. This enables Microsoft SMTP Service to optimize connections by delivering multiple messages in one session.
  • Determine if the receiving server is ready to receive messages. Microsoft SMTP Service attempts to connect to the receiving mail server. If the server is not ready, the message is returned to the queue, and delivery is attempted again at designated intervals to a maximum number of attempts. The settings for maximum retries and retry interval can be set on the Delivery property sheet.
  • Verify recipients : Each message recipient is verified. If a recipient is not verified, a non-delivery report (NDR) is generated for that recipient. You can designate where to store undeliverable messages and NDRs on the Messages property sheet.
  • Send the message : The message is sent. Once the receiving server acknowledges the transmission, Microsoft SMTP Service delivery is complete. Delivery options are described below:
  • If you have enabled Transport Layer Security (TLS) encryption for remote delivery, Microsoft SMTP Service encrypts all outgoing messages. You can also enable or disable this function for a specific remote domain. TLS encryption can be set on the Delivery property sheet by clicking the Outbound Security button and clearing or selecting TLS encryption.
  • All messages can be sent to a smart host, which then sends them to recipients. The smart host can be designated on the Delivery property sheet.
  • Messages destined for a remote domain can also be delivered using a specific route. This option enables you to specify a route that may be quicker and less costly than a direct link. This option overrides the smart host setting. Route domains can be set on the Domain Properties property sheet for the remote domain.
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File Transfer Protocol (FTP)


File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the protocol used to transfer files between two computers on a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) network. FTP was one of the earliest protocols used on TCP/IP networks and the Internet. Although the World Wide Web (WWW) has replaced most functions of FTP, it is still used to copy files between clients and servers over the Internet.

FTP to transfer files between two computers, both computers must support their respective FTP roles. For example, one needs to be an FTP client and the other an FTP server. The FTP client can issue commands to the server to download and upload files and create and change directories on the server.

FTP uses TCP as its transport for all communications and data exchanges between the client and the server. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, which means the communications session is established between the client and the server before data is transmitted. The connection remains active during the entire FTP session. Connection-oriented sessions are known for their reliability and error recovery features. These features include the following:

  • Flow control : Because both client and server computers participate in the transmission of the packets, any potential problems of packet overflows and lost packets are virtually eliminated.
  • Acknowledgment : The computer sending data packets expects an acknowledgment (ACK) from the destination computer. This acknowledgment verifies that the packet was successfully received at the destination.
  • Retransmission : If the transmitting computer does not receive an ACK for a specified period, it assumes that the packet became lost or corrupted and retransmitted the packet.
  • Sequencing : All packets are numbered and sent in order, so the receiving
    computer knows how to reorganize the data.
  • Checksum : All packets contain a checksum to ensure the integrity of the data. If the data is corrupted somewhere during the transmission, the checksum is used to indicate that the data is not the same data that was sent.

FTP is distinct from the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP). TFTP is a fast, simple file transfer protocol that uses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) transport. UDP, unlike TCP, is a connectionless protocol and does not have the capability of re-transmitting packets. This means that UDP is not as reliable as TCP.

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Summary Reports


Summary Reports contain the basic information about the organizations, users, visits and requests analyzed from the log file. Detail reports add additional statistics, charts, graphs, and tables to show a more comprehensive picture of the usage.

Report Writer can produce twelve different pre-configured summary reports. The following list indicates what each summary report shows, and what it will help you determine about your Web site.

  • Bandwidth : Lists the average amount of bandwidth used each day, and offers analyses by day of week, hour of a day, and work vs. non-work hours. This helps to determine if special circumstances are saturating bandwidth and causing performance problems, or if connection problems are suggested by abnormal bandwidth usage.
  • Browser and Operating System : Indicates which browsers and operating systems the visitors to your site are using, and whether you should adjust your content to accommodate them.
  • Executive : Highlights the information contained in the Detail reports.
  • Executive Summary for Extended Logs : Highlights the information in the Detail reports for users of extended log files.
  • Geography : A summary of the Geography detail report.
  • Hit : A summary of the Hit detail report.
  • Organization : A summary of the Organization detail report.
  • Path : Lists the sequence of requests that a user makes when navigating through your site, indicating whether links need to be rearranged to facilitate access to key content on your site.
  • Referrer : A summary of the Referrer detail report.
  • Request : A summary of the Request detail report.
  • User : A summary of the User detail report.
  • Visit: A summary of the Visit detail report.
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Pre-configured searches with Content Analyzer


Content Analyzer offers eight pre-configured searches for errors or potential weaknesses throughout your site. You can access these searches through Tools on the strip menu and Quick Search on the pull-down menu.

Pre-configured Quick Searches

The following lists the quick searches available and indicates what running them will reveal to the user.

  • Broken Links : Shows links that do not successfully connect to their destination object.
  • Home Site Objects : Shows objects that share the same domain as your home page, and determines whether an object needing maintenance or repair accessed through the local security structure.
  • Images without ALT : Reveals images are lacking the optional ALT text string, allowing one to determine which graphics would not display a placeholder label to text-only browsers because this string is missing.
  • Load Size Over 32K : Shows which resources require more than 32 KB of data to pass over your communications link during load, indicating which resources might need to be streamlined to reduce their download time.
  • Non-Home Site Objects : Lists objects that do not share the same domain as your home page, thus revealing which linked pages are not under your immediate control. You will want to test the reliability of these links frequently.
  • Not Found Objects (404): Lists objects that could not be located when the site was mapped, revealing which objects have links that must be removed or repaired.
  • Unavailable Objects : Reveals objects that could not be located, or could not be accessed when located. This could be due to a down host server, a broken communication link, or password protection on the object.
  • Unverified Objects : Shows objects that have not been checked to determine whether they are accessible.
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Site Summary Reports with Content Analyzer


Content Analyzer provides Site Summary reports to help you understand the mix of content on a site.
These reports include:

  • Counts and sizes for objects such as pages, images, and applications.
  • Counts of objects and links that are OK missing, or in error.
  • The number of levels in use by the site, where the home page is considered level one.
  • The average number of links per page.

Generating a Site Summary Report

There are three ways to run the Site Summary report:

  1. Select the Generate Site Reports checkbox when creating a new WebMap.
  2. Use the Generate Site Reports toolbar button.
  3. Choose Tools on the strip menu and Generate Site Reports on the pulldown menu.

Using a Site Summary Report

The following list shows the function and purpose of the specific entries in this report, and indicates the types of questions the reports will answer:

Object Statistics—count and size of

  • Pages : Are my pages getting too large to load with minimal hardware and standard browsers?
  • Images : Do I include enough visuals in my site presentation?
  • Gateways : How many links permit browsers to run Common Gateway Interface (CGI) scripts on my server using GET or POST commands?
  • Internet : How many links point to Internet services such as Telnet?
  • A Java : Is the number of links to Java applications appropriate considering the anticipated mix of browsers among the visitors to my site?
  • Applications :  What is the capacity planning implications of the number of links to applications?
  • Audio :  Is the number of audio links appropriate for the anticipated percentage of audio-enabled hardware among the visitors to my site?
  • Video :  Is the number of video links appropriate for the anticipated percentage of video-enabled hardware among the visitors to my site?
  • Text : Is the number of text objects appropriate for the anticipated percentage of visitors who will be using Lynx or other text-only browsers on older hardware?
  • WebMaps : Do I have sufficient WebMap links to assist my users in navigating the site?
  • Other Media : Do I use links to other media?
  • Totals : How complicated is my site? Would it be more effective if I streamlined the contents?

Status Summary—number of objects and links

Onsite

  • OK : What is the condition of my onsite links? Do I need to allocate more resources to repairing and maintaining them?
  • Not Found (code 404): What is the condition of my onsite links? Do I need to allocate more resources to repairing and maintaining them?
  • Other Errors : What is the condition of my onsite links? Do I need to allocate more resources to repairing and maintaining them?
  • Unverified : What is the condition of my onsite links? Do I need to allocate more resources to repairing and maintaining them?

Offsite

  • OK : What is the condition of my offsite links? Do I need to allocate more resources to repairing and maintaining them?
  • Not Found (code 404): What is the condition of my offsite links? Do I need to allocate more resources to repairing and maintaining them?
  • Other Errors: What is the condition of my offsite links? Do I need to allocate more resources to repairing and maintaining them?
  • Unverified: What is the condition of my offsite links? Do I need to allocate more resources to repairing and maintaining them?

Map Statistics

  • Map Date : Is this report current? Do I need to remap my site at this time?
  • Levels: How much navigating through links is necessary to get from my home page to the “outer edge” of my site?
  • Average Links per Page: Has my site been logically structured? Do I have a confusing mesh of links between everything and everything else? Should I streamline the links so that I can more closely control the ways in which visitors will use the site?
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Managing Web sites using Content Analyzer


Microsoft Site Server Express enables you to publish content, manage content, and analyze usage on your Web sites. For performing these functions, Site Server Express relies on its components, Content Analyzer, Usage Import and Report Writer, and Posting Acceptor.
Using the Content Analyzer component of Site Server Express, site administrators can visualize how their sites are laid out, identify broken links, and create comprehensive HTML reports containing detailed information on the content of the site.

  • The Usage Import and Report Writer components enable you to analyze imported Microsoft Internet Information Server version (IIS) log files, and organize this information using any of 21 pre-defined reports.
  • Posting Acceptor is a server add-on tool that Web content providers can use to publish their content using HTTP Post (RFC 1867).

Content Analyzer provides comprehensive site visualization, content analysis, link management, and reporting capabilities for managing Web sites. Web masters, content authors, and Web server administrators can use Content Analyzer to find broken links, analyze site structure and object properties, manage local and remote sites, and perform a variety of other Web site management tasks.

When you start Content Analyzer, you’re prompted with the option of rendering a WebMap of a selected Web site. These WebMaps show your entire site in an easy-to-understand, visual format. WebMaps include graphical representations of the resources in your site, such as HTML pages and graphic images; audio, video, and program files; Java, Portable Document Format (PDF), or Microsoft Word files; Internet services, such as Gopher and FTP. WebMaps also store information about all the objects and links on a site, such as a file size and date last modified. They act as a unifying hub for examining all of a site’s resources.

You can quickly scan a WebMap through two graphical representations, the Tree view, and the Cyberbolic view.

The Tree view shows a hierarchy of objects. It will look familiar to users of Microsoft Windows NT Explorer. The Tree view is very easy to read but displays a limited amount of information on the screen at a time.

Icons that Represent Objects

An icon and its text label represent each object in the Tree view. The Home page icon is at the top of the Tree. The icons that represent Level 2 resources— resources linked directly to the home page—are indented beneath the home page icon. Level 3 icons—representing resources two links away from the home page—are indented beneath the Level 2 icons. The result is very much like the outline of a document.

Control Icons

Control icons are small gray squares that may be marked with a plus sign, minus sign, or question mark. They are found to the left of the icons that represent various objects. Click unmarked gray squares to make the object the focal point of the Cyberbolic view when both tree and Cyberbolic views are visible. Click the plus sign control icon to expand the view and show the objects that are directly linked to that object. Click a minus sign control icon to collapse this expanded view and shorten the visible Tree to its original state. A question mark means that a particular page has not yet been examined to determine if there is a level of linked objects below it. Pages without control icons have been examined and have no links to any other page.

The Cyberbolic view is a dynamic nonlinear picture of a site. Its strength lies in helping you to immediately grasp the layout of an entire site.

Shows Relationships among Web Objects

The Cyberbolic view shows the relationships among Web objects starting with any object you choose as a point of focus. When you click on an object in the Cyberbolic view, that object will move to the left or center of the view. Two toolbar buttons control left/right or center orientation.

Default Cyberbolic View

The default Cyberbolic view shows only Web pages, as opposed to other resources, and main routes (the quickest routes to the home page). This reduces clutter and allows ample room for page labels. Use the Display Options box accessed through the View menu to determine which objects to display.

Object Labels

In the Cyberbolic view, all objects have a short label by default. A longer descriptive label will appear when you place your mouse over the object.

No Expanding or Collapsing Levels

Since all objects are always available to be viewed, there are no expanding or collapsing levels as in the Tree view.

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