Website Essentials


Website Home directory

Your home directory contains several default subdirectories or subfolders. Their number and names will differ depending on your plan, yet some of them are typical for all plans. It is a feature of our hosting automation system to let you have multiple domain names under your one login account and control panel.

You will always have a “root” directory, and each domain name you have will have a separate subdirectory in the main web folder. Here are some of the lists that are automatically created and may not be deleted: (Some hosting accounts may have limited feature sets, and some may not be viewable. )

Whenever possible, upload your site using the utilities that come with your web-site development software. For instance, if you made your site with SiteStudio, FrontPage or Dreamweaver, use their integrated web publishing tools. If you’ve done your site with simple text editors, or if your site-building software does not have an editing utility, use freestanding FTP clients, such as CuteFTP, SmartFTP, or the built-in web-based FTP agent.

Please note that site publishing tools do not remove your old web content from the server. For instance, if you used SiteStudio to upload a site with 15 pages, and later you published an updated 7-page version of this site, your directory on the server will have all the new pages and the old pages that haven’t overwritten. If you publish many versions of the website, the site may become cluttered with old files. Warning: If you have a complete internet site, be careful not to overwrite it with a publish command.

Domain Alias

An instant domain alias that is created automatically for you. You should have received it in the initial welcome e-mail. Instant Domain Alias is an additional web address which lets you access your site during the first several hours after the domain name registration, the time when the site is yet unavailable at the newly registered domain. Over the next few days, Domain Name Servers (DNS) all across the Internet will update themselves with your new site name. Once that happens, you will be able to access your site at the domain you have registered.

Online Presence

Quality and credibility are given prime importance in an online business. They are the essential characteristics that decide the success and failure of an online business.

Credibility is the most important among the two, especially in a case of online shopping companies. The online store of your website is one of the vital parts of your online business.

The store front of your site is your corporate identity and hence should be highly professional as well as user-friendly. Shabby, cluttered or copied shopping cart formats will decrease the leads/sales.

An e-commerce shopping cart design should have professional & clean looks. It should have user-friendly shopping cart applications. A good online shopping cart should be customer and owner friendly simultaneously. It should have methods to edit, store and update the pages. You should also be able to create invoices, edit orders and create new pages for your products.

Cutting edge design is critical for a shopping cart. The design should be attractive, systematical, and easy to comprehend. The products should place in a methodical way. A great design and methodically put content increases the credibility of your website.

Before developing a shopping cart design, you can do a comprehensive research on the most sought after shopping cart designs.

Design Software for Mac


Design software- pinpointing procedure

Designing software is the procedure of visual communication and problem-solving all the way through the use of typography, space, image and color. The field is considered a gift of visual communication and communication outline, but sometimes the term “graphic design is used interchangeably with these due to overlapping skills implicated. Graphic designers use a variety of methods to create and join words, symbols, and images to generate a visual representation of ideas and messages. A graphic designer may use a combination of typography, visual arts, and page layout method to produce a final result. Graphic design often refers to both the method (designing) by which the communication is shaped and the products (designs) which are generated.

Design software’s for Mac

There is a diversity of Software’s design for Mac, which makes the designing task easy. It includes animation software, 3D-modeling applications, and PC-publishing software. Sketch, paint, create animations, share, and publish right from your desktop. There are numerous design software for Mac, which is in frequent use nowadays.

  • Adobe Illustrator CS6: Adobe Illustrator CS6 software is power-driven by the new Adobe Mercury recital system so you can work with peace and constancy on large complex files. A modem, updated user interface streamlines everyday tasks. Advanced creative tools allow you to capture your vision better than ever.
  • Adobe Acrobat DC Pro: With Adobe Acrobat Pro DC you’ll be able to work wherever you like. You can generate, edit, and sign PDFs with the new Acrobat DC mobile app, and also utilize Mobile Link to access recent file across desktop, the web, and mobile. It permits you to instantly edit PDFs and scanned documents naturally thanks to the novel OCR technologies. It can let you send, track, manage, and store signed documents with an absolute, built-in e-signature service.
  • Sketch Up: Sketch Up (formerly Google Sketch-up) is a 3D modeling computer program for a broad range of drawing applications like architectural, interior design, civil and mechanical engineering, film, and video game design.
  • DAZ Studio: DAZ Studio is software produced by DAZ 3D, for 3D art and animation creation and as a rendering tool. This software employs a ‘Genesis’ platform with multi-file support and import and export capabilities, friendly with additional design and 3D art and animation software solutions.
  • The Graphic Creator: The Graphic Creator for Mac is an app that creates logo images, watermarks, letterhead, and other advertising graphics. On top of the basic image, you can adjoin one or more of the 300 elements that enhance the image. You can also introduce graphics and pictures to your design. While uncomplicated logos are relatively simple to create, you can generate more complex images with the graphic Creator.
  • Paintbrush: It aims to fill the want for a basic, streamlined, and Mac-native image editor. Whether you need to crop a photo rapidly, insert some text to a picture, or just have fun doodling. Just pick a tool, choose a color, and go!
  • Cinema 4D Update: If you want to create advanced #D graphics but call for a helping hand to ensure you make jaw-dropping graphics quickly and effortlessly, then this is the choice for you. It adds an advanced character tools, a physical engine and limitless client network for rendering. It can tackle any project you throw at it with ease.

Top 10 VPS Hosting


VPS Hosting is a hosting which makes use of Virtual private servers. Virtual Private Server, having dedicated resources allocated to a server for serving websites. It is also known as a Dedicated server as dedicatedly working to serve a particular site. Shared hosting serves multiple sites thereby permits sharing of resources among web hosts. However, VPS hosting allows clients not to share the allocated resources with other hosts. It keeps each and every website independently like everyone is on their separate machines. It allows users to have complete control over a part of a server and provides full root access to Operating system. VPS Hosting packages are more safe and reliable, and it permits to use more resources if compared to Shared hosting packages.

VPS Hosting in World

A large number of Web hosting companies situated all over the world offering high quality, reliable, full featured hosting plans with ultimate support at affordable prices. Moreover, most of them are offering VPS hosting in addition to Shared hosting, Dedicated hosting, Cloud hosting services.
So, here a question arises that if someone wishes to use the services of VPS Hosting, then in such no. of service providers, which ones are the best.

Best and High Rated Top 10 VPS Hosting Service providers

To answer the above, here come top 10 VPS Service providers.

  • Arvixe– Considered as an excellent VPS Hosting service provider. Good VPS packages it offers possess unlimited domains, e-mail accounts, bandwidth. It allows clients to choose between Linux and Windows based servers.
  • Dreamhost– Scope of expansion is much in Dreamhost. Its VPS plans offer Unlimited disk space, bandwidth, e-mail accounts and considered as a good VPS hosting service provider.
    Hostgator- Linux based VPS hosting provides unlimited emails, domains, premium customer support at nominal prices. However, a company does not offer Windows based VPS services to any of their clients.
    Inmotion- A simple & decent VPS hosting is provided by Inmotion at a starting price of $44.99 per month. Linux based VPS configured with 4TB of monthly bandwidth and 8GB of RAM. Windows based a company does not offer VPS servers.’
  • GoDaddy– GoDaddy offers multi-tier VPS plans, begins at a price of $19.99 per month. Same as Arvixe, it also provides a choice of Windows or Linux servers with features like unlimited e-mail accounts, unlimited domains.
  • 1&1 Web Hosting– VPS plans of 1&1 Web Hosting provides clients with required and essential tools to develop a website which can handle the rigors of the web in much better way than traditional web hosting. Windows or Linux based servers with 400 GB of Disk space and 12 GB of RAM but with limited no. of e-mail accounts are offered with best clients support.
  • Bluehost– Linux based VPS hosting four tiers provided by company offers at a range of prices. It starts at the cost of $ 29.99 per month includes 2 GB of memory, 30 GB of Disk space, 1 TB of monthly bandwidth. It ends at the cost of $119.99 per month includes 8 GB of memory, 240 GB of Disk space, 4 TB of monthly bandwidth. Same like other web hosts, Bluehost also does not offer Windows based VPS.
  • iPage– iPage, a reputed and excellent VPS hosting company, offers flexible VPS services with sync and backup system. The company can detect fraudulent and malicious URL’s quickly and features it offers, some are decent, and some are excellent.
  • Media Temple– Media Temple allows configuration of servers in a more powerful way. It offers Linux based VPS hosting packages starts at a nominal price of $30 per month and ends at $1,500 per month. Last plan is quite expensive, even priced more than top tier plans of rival services but they come with 600 GB of Disk space and 64 GB of RAM. They do not offer e-mails in an unlimited amount and Windows-based VPS hosting.
    Siteground- The company, once again a reputed and experienced VPS Hosting service provider is having three states of the art data centers, and a user is required to choose any one of them. It provides four tiers of Linux-based VPS hosting, and servers can be configured by users with 80 GB of Web Space, 4 GB of RAM and 5 TB of monthly data transfer. However, if Users wish to develop the websites on Windows based server, then it is not the right choice.

So, here we have covered top 10 VPS Hosting companies and to enjoy a good experience User can try any of them, considering their respective needs.

Green VPS Hosting


Web hosting service which is more flexible and powerful than Shared hosting and simultaneously affordable or cheap priced than dedicated hosting is considered as a VPS Hosting. It is a combination of Shared Hosting & Dedicated hosting as it contains the elements of both services. VPS Hosting allows clients to have complete control over a part of a server and offers full root access to OS. Here site’s resources are not shared with other sites and having their RAM, Disk space, OS, Bandwidth results in smooth and high site performance.

Green VPS Hosting

After going through the VPS Hosting, its time to relate the same with the word “Green.” We all know that every organization has some social responsibility towards the environment, to protect the same from pollution and other hazards and to build an eco- friendly environment in which their services and activities could take place. So, same is following by Web hosting companies through offering their green VPS hosting packages or services. Even some hosting providers are there whose names also consist of word ‘green.’

Green VPS Hosting Service Providers

In today’s world, some of the VPS providers had started offering green VPS hosting services, as socially responsible towards the environment, and here few ones are covered:

  1. Eco Web Hosting– VPS services come with full control, flexibility, and reliability, like of a dedicated server at a very nominal price. Entrepreneurs and professionals who wish to have total control on their hosting needs and with that want freedom and flexibility too, for them, Virtual private servers are an excellent choice. Company’s green VPS hosting allows clients to host unlimited domains, resell hosting and install customized applications and software with root access. To run green VPS hosting solutions, a company is using the powerful Virsh KVM virtualisation platform. The platform creates multiple isolated VPSs on just one physical server leads to the sharing of fees of license, hardware, and efforts of mgt. efficiently. Eco Web Hosting green VPS hosting solutions are very efficient and highly manageable if compared to traditional virtualization technologies. UK based Data centers are highly safe and secure leads to high uptime guarantee. Features offered in Green VPS Hosting by Eco Web Hosting comprises of Full Root SSH access, Unlimited domains, Restoration & Backup, Cpanel / WHM / Plesk, MySQL 5.x or 4.1.x, Ioncube and Zend Optimizer, SSI, PhpMyAdmin, CGI-BIN, PHP 5.x, FrontPage Extensions. Some Unlimited features are there like E-Mail Accounts/ Aliases/ Forwarding/ Mailing Lists with programming features such as Perl, Python, Bind, Glibc.
    Eco Web Hosting green VPS hosting solutions are very efficient and highly manageable if compared to traditional virtualization technologies. UK based Data centers are highly safe and secure leads to high uptime guarantee. Features offered in Green VPS Hosting by Eco Web Hosting comprises of Full Root SSH access, Unlimited domains, Restoration & Backup, Cpanel / WHM / Plesk, MySQL 5.x or 4.1.x, Ioncube and Zend Optimizer, SSI, PhpMyAdmin, CGI-BIN, PHP 5.x, FrontPage Extensions. Some Unlimited features are there like E-Mail Accounts/ Aliases/ Forwarding/ Mailing Lists with programming features such as Perl, Python, Bind, Glibc.
  2. Green Geeks– It offers prompt, trustworthy and scalable virtual private servers with cPanel/WHM and SSD. Green VPS hosted on infrastructure powered by world’s top 300 percent renewable energy. Green Geeks offer a Control panel for managing the entire VPS with the instant provision and free migration, nightly backups, Enom domain reseller, free IP’S & 99.9 percent service uptime. To ensure security, green VPS hosting solutions comes with LFD, Firewall, Mod Security, PHP, MySQL, Apache.
  3. Greencloud VPS– Green VPS Hosting Solutions offers full root access on your VPS, scalable, control panel with 24*7 support. Windows VPS services provided to have RDP enabled comes with unlimited bandwidth, 99% Uptime offers green hosting solutions. KVM VPS Plans using KVM Virtualization offers prompt SAS and SSD running on Windows or Linux based servers with high uptime.

Access control list (ACL) and Levels of Permissions


You can use Windows NT Explorer to define a list of permissions, also known as an access control list (ACL), for individual files or directories. In establishing this list, you select a particular Windows NT user account or user group, and then specify access permissions for that user or group.

NTFS has five standard levels of permissions:

  • Full Control. Users can modify, move, delete, and change permissions.
  • No Access. Users have absolutely no access, even if a user has access to a higher-level parent directory.
  • Read. Users can view files.
  • Change. Users can view and modify files, including deleting and adding files to a directory.
  • Special Access. User access defined by a custom set of criteria.

After you set NTFS permissions, your Web server must be configured with an authentication method to identify users before granting access to secured files. You can set up your server’s authentication features to require users to log on with a valid Windows NT account username and password.

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Public key encryption


Your Web server’s Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) security feature utilizes a technique known as public key encryption to shield the session key from interception during transmission.

Public key algorithms use two different keys, a public key, and a private key. The private key is held privately by the owner of the key pair, and the public key distributed to anyone who requests it. If one key is used to encrypt a message, then the other key is required to decrypt the message.

Digital signatures and digital envelopes are produced using two different, but related processes. The process for creating a digital signature involves using the sender’s private key, whereas the process of creating a digital envelope uses the intended recipient’s public key.

Digital Signatures Authenticate Authorship

Digital signatures are used to confirm authorship, not to encrypt a message. The sender uses his or her private key to generate a digital signature string bundled with the message. Upon receipt of the message, the recipient uses the sender’s public key to validate the signature. Because only the signer’s public key can be used to verify the signature, the digital signature is proof that the message sender’s identity is authentic.

Digital Envelopes Encrypt Messages

Digital envelopes are used to send private messages that can only be understood by a particular recipient. To create a digital envelope, the sender encrypts the message using the recipient’s public key. The message can only be decrypted using the recipient’s private key, so only the recipient will be able to understand the message.

You can configure your Web server’s SSL security features to guarantee the integrity of your content, verify the identity of users, and encrypt network transmissions.

Your Web server requires a valid server certificate to establish SSL secure communications. Use the Key Manager utility to generate a certificate request file. If your aren’t using Microsoft Certificate Server 1.0 to issue your server certificates, then a third-party CA must approve your application and issue your server certificate. You can either forward your request file to the authority or use Key Manager to deliver the request to an online authority. After you receive a server certificate file, use Key Manager to install it on your computer.

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Data Encryption Techniques


Cryptography

Cryptography provides a set of techniques for encrypting data and messages so that they can be stored and transmitted securely. Cryptography can achieve secure communications even when the transmission medium—such as the Internet—is not trustworthy. Cryptography can also encrypt sensitive files so an intruder cannot understand them.

Encryption

  • When a message is encrypted, an encryption key used.
  • To decrypt the message, the corresponding decryption key must be used.
  • It is imperative to properly restrict access to the decryption key because anyone who possesses it will be able to decrypt all messages encrypted with the matching encryption key.

Public-Key Algorithms

Public-key algorithms use two different keys, a public key, and a private key. The private key is kept private to the owner of the key pair. The public key distributed to anyone who requests it, often through a digital certificate. If one key is used to encrypt a message, then the other key is required to decrypt the message.

Digital Signatures and Digital Envelopes

Digital signatures and digital envelopes are produced using two different, but related processes. The process for creating a digital signature involves using the sender’s private key, whereas the process for creating a digital envelope uses the intended recipient’s public key.

Digital Signatures

Digital signatures are used to confirm authorship, not to encrypt a message. The sender uses his or her private key to generate a digital signature string bundled with the message. Upon receipt of the message, the recipient uses the sender’s public key to validate the signature. Because only the signer’s public key can be used to validate the signature, the digital signature is proof that the message sender’s identity is authentic.

Digital Envelopes

Digital envelopes are used to send private messages that can only be understood by a specific recipient. To create a digital envelope, the sender encrypts the message using the recipient’s public key. The message can only be decrypted using the recipient’s private key, so only the recipient will be able to understand the message.

Digital Certificates

Authenticity of Public Keys

  1. The use of digital signatures and envelopes assumes that the identity of the owner of the public key used to encrypt or decrypt a message is established beyond doubt.
  2. To guarantee the authenticity of public keys, Microsoft Certificate Server provides digital certificates as a secure method of exchanging public keys over a nonsecure network.

Certificate Authorities

A digital certificate is a set of data that completely identifies an entity, and is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) only after that authority has verified the entity’s identity. The data set includes the public cryptographic key tendered to the entity.

When the sender of a message signs the message with its private key. The recipient of the message can use the sender’s public key (retrieved from the certificate either sent with the message or available elsewhere in the directory service) to verify that the sender is legitimate.

Certificate Revocation Lists

Certificates, like most real-world forms of identification, can expire and no longer be valid. The CA can also revoke them for other reasons. To handle the existence of invalid certificates, the CA maintains a Certificate Revocation List (CRL). The CRL is available to network users to determine a validity of any given certificate.

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Securing Sensitive data with SSL


Users visiting commercial Web sites are sometimes reluctant to supply sensitive information—such as a credit card or bank account number—for fear that computer vandals will intercept this information. To address this type of security concern you need to protect sensitive information transmitted over a network from all forms of interception and tampering.

The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol, implemented as a Web server security feature, provides a secure and virtually impervious way of establishing an encrypted communication link with users. SSL guarantees the authenticity of your Web content, while reliably verifying the identity of users accessing restricted Web sites.

Your Web server also supports the Private Communication Technology (PCT) 1.0 protocol. Similar to SSL, PCT includes hardy and efficient encryption features for securing communication.

Creating an SSL Session

An SSL session, which encrypts all data between the client and server, is created using the following process:

  1. The Web browser establishes a secure communication link with the Web server using Secure HTTP protocol (HTTPS).
  2. The Web server sends the browser a copy of its certificate along with its public key. (The certificate enables the browser to confirm the server’s identity and the integrity of the Web content.)
  3. The Web browser and the server engage in a negotiating exchange to determine the degree of encryption to use for securing communications, typically 40 or 128 bits.
  4. The Web browser generates a session key and encrypts it with the server’s public key. The browser then sends the encrypted session key to the Web server.
  5. Using its private key, the server decrypts the session key and establishes a secure channel.
  6. The Web server and the browser then use the session key to encrypt and decrypt transmitted data.
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Private communication on the Internet using Encryption


Private communication on the Internet depends upon the ability to prevent anyone except the intended recipient from being able to read a message—even though anyone on the network might be able to intercept it.

The need for privacy and authentication over nonsecure networks requires some form of data encryption and decryption, otherwise known as cryptography, as part of a software security system. Cryptographic protocols employing certificates are designed to address these needs.

When a message is encrypted, an encryption key is used. To decrypt the message, the corresponding decryption key must be used. It is very important to properly restrict access to the decryption key because anyone who possesses it will be able to decrypt all messages that were encrypted with the matching encryption key.

Encryption is the process of scrambling information by applying a mathematical function in such a way that it is extremely difficult for anyone other than an intended recipient to retrieve the original information. Central to this process is a mathematical value, called a key, used to scramble the information in a unique and complex way.

Your Web server uses essentially the same encryption process to secure communication links with users. After establishing a secure link, a special session key is used by both your Web server and the user’s Web browser to both encrypt and decrypt information. For example, when an authenticated user attempts to download a file from a Web site requiring a secure channel, your Web server uses a session key to encrypt the file and related HTTP headers. After receiving the encrypted file, the Web browser then uses a copy of the same session key to recover the file.

This method of encryption, although secure, has an inherent drawback. During the process of creating a secure link, a copy of the session key might be transmitted across an unsecured network. Therefore, a computer vandal intent on compromising the link need only intercept and steal the session key. To safeguard against this possibility, your Web server implements an additional method of encryption.

The use of digital signatures and envelopes assumes that the identity of the owner of the public key used to encrypt or decrypt a message is established beyond doubt.

A digital certificate is a set of data that completely identifies an entity, and is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) only after that authority has verified the entity’s identity. The data set includes the public cryptographic key tendered to the entity. When the sender of a message signs the message with his or her private key, the recipient of the message can use the sender’s public key to verify that the sender is legitimate. The recipient retrieves the sender’s public key from the certificate either sent with the message or available elsewhere in the directory service.

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Web server permissions


Web server permissions allow you to control how users access and interact with specific Web sites.
You can use these permissions to control whether users visiting your Web site are allowed to view a particular page, upload information, or run scripts on the site.

Unlike NTFS permissions, Web server permissions apply to all users accessing your Web site.
This distinction is imperative because NTFS permissions apply only to a particular user or group of users with a valid Windows NT account.

For example, disabling Web server Read permission for a particular file will prevent all users from viewing that file, regardless of the NTFS permissions applied to those users’ accounts. However, enabling Read permission will allow all users to view the file unless NTFS permissions that restrict access have applied.

If both Web server and NTFS permissions are set, the permissions that explicitly deny access will take precedence over permissions that grant access.

When you select the Write and Execute check boxes, you enable users to upload and execute programs on your Web server. In this case, a user could inadvertently or intentionally upload and then run a potentially destructive program on your server. Whenever possible, select the Script option rather than the Execute option, because the Script option limits users to executing programs associated with an installed script engine, not any executable application.

You can configure your Web server to grant or deny specific computers, groups of computers, or domains access to Web sites, directories, or files. For example, you can prevent external network users from accessing your Web server by granting access only to members of your intranet, and explicitly deny access to outside users.

In many cases, IP access security is sufficient. However, while either restricting or permitting various IP addresses, remember that packets can be intercepted and “spoofed.” Spoofing is a technique where a sophisticated user can alter the contents of a packet without affecting the IP address.

IP access and domain name restrictions are configured with IIS administrative tools. When you configure a security property for a specific Web site or directory, you automatically set it for all directories and files within that site/directory, unless the security property of the individual directories and files were previously set. For those directories and files with previous security settings, you are prompted for permission to reset (replace) its security setting. This security inheritance mechanism applies to all of the IIS security methods.

Anonymous Access

Under most circumstances, all users who attempt to establish a connection with your Web server will log on as anonymous users. When an anonymous connection is established, your Web server will log on the user with an anonymous or guest account This account is a valid Windows NT user account to which you have applied restrictions that limit the files and directories the anonymous user can access.

Authentication Control

To prevent anonymous users from connecting to restricted content, you can configure your Web server to authenticate users. Authentication involves prompting users for unique user name and password information, which must correspond to a valid Windows NT user account, governed by the NTFS file and directory permissions that define the level of access for that account.

Your Web server will authenticate users under the following circumstances:

  • Anonymous access is disabled.
  • Anonymous access fails because the anonymous user account does not have permission to access a specific NTFS file or resource.

If either of these conditions occur, your Web server will refuse to establish an anonymous connection. Your Web server will then use the authentication method you have enabled to attempt to identify the user.

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